Kyiv or Kiev: how Russian propaganda has been shaping geopolitical narratives

This study investigates the strategic manipulation of Ukrainian toponyms in Russian propaganda, focusing on the geopolitical and cultural implications of the transliteration shift from “Kiev” to “Kyiv.” By examining historical narratives, linguistic policies, and media discourses, the research underscores how place names function as instruments of soft power, influencing international perceptions and reinforcing political agendas. The persistence of spelling Ukraine’s capital name “Kiev” in global discourse reflects a legacy of Soviet-era russification policies, while the adoption of “Kyiv” signifies Ukraine’s efforts to assert sovereignty, reclaim cultural identity, and resist disinformation campaigns. Through an interdisciplinary approach combining literature review on historical linguistics, geopolitical analysis, and media studies, this research explored the mechanisms, by which Russian propaganda sustains outdated transliterations to undermine Ukraine’s national identity. It outlines how toponymic manipulation aligns with broader strategies of information warfare, contributing to narratives that diminish Ukrainian independence and reinforce Russian territorial claims. Consequently, findings indicate that the international adoption of “Kyiv” has accelerated following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, reflecting a global shift in recognizing Ukrainian linguistic authenticity and political sovereignty. Nevertheless, challenges persist as Russian-aligned media and political actors continue to use “Kiev” to perpetuate narratives of historical unity between Russia and Ukraine. Ultimately, the research underscores the need for accurate toponymic representation to resist geopolitical manipulation and urges advocacy in media, diplomacy, and academia to counter disinformation and support Ukraine’s sovereignty. Future studies could explore the broader impact of toponymic accuracy on international legal frameworks, diplomatic relations, and the effectiveness of counter-disinformation strategies in geopolitical conflicts.