Shifting of Distribution and Changing of Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Positive Bacteria from Bile of Patients with Acute Cholangitis

The bacterial spectrum and antibiotic resistance patterns of Gram-positive bacteria in acute cholangitis have undergone significant changes. Penicillin is not recommended for the treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance should be closely monitored when using quinolones. Particular attention is warranted regarding the markedly increasing antibiotic resistance of <i>Enterococcus faecium</i>.