Long-term patient-reported outcomes following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Therapeutic progress has improved the overall survival of patients treated with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). Thus, the impact on quality of life (QoL) becomes increasingly relevant. However, QoL is not monitored regularly in clinical practice, and most trials stop QoL assessments early post-alloHCT, missing long-term dynamics. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of 214 adult alloHCT recipients (average age 53 y, 42.5% female, median follow-up 56 months) to evaluate QoL using patient-reported outcome measurements (PROMs), spanning a period from 30 days to over 10 years post-transplant. Participants completed the EORTC QLQ-C30 and FACT-BMT at a single follow-up timepoint to investigate QoL-related factors. Comparing long-term follow-up patients (beyond year 3, n = 125) with short-term follow-up patients (day 30 to month 12, n = 89) shows significantly better long-term QoL outcomes (P = 0.016). However, PROM symptom scales indicate moderate fatigue and insomnia rates in long-term survivors. Better QoL was associated with male gender, lower ECOG, RIC conditioning, no relapse, no ongoing immunosuppression and full-time work. Summarized, while we observe encouraging long-term outcomes, our data suggest that QoL recovery remain highly individual. We strongly recommend the use of PROMs to enhance our understanding of long-term survivorship post-alloHCT.