Harmonic Hall characterization of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy at ferromagnet/oxide interfaces

Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) has emerged as an effective solution to reduce power consumption in magnetic memories. This work presents an alternative method to detect and quantify VCMA at a ferromagnet/oxide interface using harmonic Hall voltage detection. An AC voltage is applied simultaneously across the Hall bar and oxide gate using the same source while measuring first and second harmonic Hall voltage responses. This approach also enables measurement of voltage-induced changes in anomalous Hall resistance, interpreted using a spin-dependent screening model.