Understanding Blood Flow in Stenosed Arteries: Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluid Comparisons

Understanding blood flow dynamics in stenosed arteries is crucial for advancing the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, particularly those related to atherosclerosis. This study compares blood flow characteristics in stenosed arteries modelled as Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids. Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), we simulated blood flow through a tapered artery with 50% stenosis under both fluid assumptions. The results indicate that the Newtonian model, characterized by a parabolic velocity profile, leads to a higher pressure drop and greater wall shear stress compared to the Non-Newtonian model. The Non-Newtonian fluid, exhibiting shear-thinning behaviour, demonstrated a flatter velocity profile, a reduced pressure drop, and lower wall shear stress, particularly in the post-stenotic region. These findings suggest that Non-Newtonian fluid models more accurately replicate the hemodynamic conditions of stenosed arteries, potentially offering a protective effect against endothelial injury and plaque rupture. The results underscore the importance of considering the non-Newtonian nature of blood in the study of arterial diseases and the design of medical interventions.