Association of Psoriasis With Thyroid Disorders: A Tertiary Center-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Background Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with various entities. Despite indications of a correlation, this relationship remains poorly understood due to inconsistent findings in previous studies and the lack of sufficient data. This study aims to investigate thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity prevalence in psoriasis patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh and explores their relationship with gender, age, and disease duration. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted involving psoriasis patients diagnosed between 2015 and 2023. We included patients aged 18 or older with a confirmed psoriasis diagnosis. We excluded patients under 18, pregnant or lactating women, and those with pre-existing thyroid conditions or treatments affecting thyroid function. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Inc. Released 2003. SPSS for Windows, Version 12.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc., with significance set at p < 0.05. Results One hundred and nineteen individuals, with 41 males (34.4%) and 78 females (65.6%), were part of the study. The average age was 44.19 years. The average disease duration was 5.35 years. The most common initial sites of involvement were the extremities (35.3%), the scalp (25.2%), and the trunk (10%). The most prevalent type was chronic plaque psoriasis (74.8%), pustular (12.6%), erythrodermic (4.2%), palmoplantar (3.4%), guttate (2.5%), and unknown (2.5%). Thyroid function tests revealed that 38.7% had abnormalities, with 31.1% elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 7.6% low TSH. Triiodothyronine (FT3) levels varied, with 9.2% having low FT3 and 10.9% having high FT3. Moreover, Thyroxine (FT4) also varies, with 7.6% having low FT4 and 2.5% having high FT4. Elevated antithyroglobulin antibodies (anti-TG) and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (anti-TPO) were observed in 12.6% and 16.0% of subjects, respectively. Conclusion The study revealed a notable prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among psoriasis patients, with no direct correlation between psoriasis types and thyroid abnormalities.