Impact of Population Growth on CO₂ Emissions in Export-Driven Global Transport: A 30-Country Analysis (2011-2020)

The study explores the complex relationship between population growth and CO2 emissions in an export-driven activity that is focusing on the global transportation sector. It addresses a gap in existing literature by that how demographic trends may influence an environmental impact of an international trade. By using robust dataset of 30 countries from 2011-2020. It uses advanced models to check the relation between trade activities, population growth and CO2 emissions. Results show that an export activity can highly influence in rising CO2 emissions due to an increased energy consumption which is associated with the production and transportation of goods. Further, population growth has strengthened by increasing the demand for transportation services that leads to a higher emission of CO2. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of including demographic factors in formulating or devising sustainable transportation policies. Policymakers, urban planners, and stakeholders can develop more effective strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of transportation and promote environmental sustainability by understanding the moderating roe of population growth. Finally, it provides valuable insights into the complex connection between trade, population growth, and environmental impact that contribute to the broader discussion on sustainable development and climate change mitigation.