Energy Performance Standards of HVAC Systems in Hot Arid Climates: A Comparative Analysis of GCC and UAE Regulations

Building codes and HVAC system minimum energy performance standards (MEPSs) are essential regulatory frameworks for reducing energy losses in buildings, especially those in extremely hot climates. Therefore, this study aims to identify the potential for upgrading air conditioning system regulations in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries by comparing them with the most stringent MEP requirements in the region for each type of cooling system. Ras Al Khaimah (UAE) has the most updated and stringent regulations, and 83 % of its categories of cooling units require no or a small performance increase (<2%). The Dubai (UAE) code closely follow it, with 83 % of the categories needing only minor enhancements (<7%). The UAE federal energy code has substantial room for improvement, with 67% of the categories requiring marginal (2-7%) and 17% requiring a significant upgrade (>7%). The Abu Dhabi and Qatar codes also had the highest number of missing categories (33 %). The less stringent codes are in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, and 50% of their requirements need substantial upgrades. The most rigorous codes have been in effect for several years, which can be seen as an indicator that the industry and markets in the region are prepared for stricter requirements.