Distributed Secondary Frequency Regulation in AC Microgrid with Arbitrary Convergence Time Control

This paper presents a new approach for designing the arbitrary time-convergent distributed secondary frequency control for AC microgrid (MG). The proposed controller will regulate the frequencies of distributed generators (DGs) to the desired reference value within the user-defined arbitrarily selected time. In addition to restoring frequency, the designed scheme achieves optimal consensus for incremental costs, i.e., it effectively distributes the power load across all DGs. The convergence analysis of both tracking and consensus error is mathematically proven using the Lyapunov stability theory, ensuring arbitrary time convergence. The simulation analysis with comparative case studies demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed decentralized arbitrary time-convergent algorithm compared to existing fixed-time and finite-time approaches.