Plate Tectonics and Metamorphism: Teaching Complex Systems Using Videos and Animations

Metamorphism is a complex geologic process that is often poorly covered in introductory geology courses. This study explores the effectiveness of a video-based instructional intervention in improving student understanding of metamorphism and its relationship to plate tectonics. The intervention includes an innovative assessment procedure featuring embedded QR codes, allowing participants to complete pre- and post-tests seamlessly. Data were collected from 75 participants, with results showing modest to major improvements in conceptual understanding, particularly about geothermal gradients. However, minimal improvement was observed in questions requiring deeper knowledge of specific tectonic settings. A qualitative analysis of written responses revealed limited changes in participants’ use of key terms before and after the video intervention. These findings suggest that while video-based instruction can reinforce core concepts, greater attention is needed to address cognitive load and support learning of more challenging topics. This study underscores the importance of integrating accessible, dynamic teaching tools and refining instructional design to better engage students with metamorphic processes, which are essential to understanding Earth’s dynamic systems.