Analysis of Energy Efficiency in WPC Production from Pinus sylvestris Wood and Thermoplastic ABS Supported by the HWE Method

This study evaluates the mechanical energy consumption involved in producing wood-plastic composites (WPC) using Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i>) and a acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS) thermoplastic. The research examines the effects of Hot Water Extraction (HWE) on the properties of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> biomass and its application in biocomposite production. Two <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> fractions, <i>f1</i> (0-1 mm) and <i>f2</i> (1-4 mm), were analyzed with and without HWE during compaction. The energy requirements and material performance were assessed through moisture content control, ash content determination, and compaction testing. The results show that HWE significantly improves the physical and chemical properties of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>, increasing its suitability for WPC production. The HWE-treated samples consumed less energy and exhibited a higher density compared to the untreated materials. Statistical analysis validated the reliability of the methodology and revealed significant differences in the energy efficiency and material compatibility between treated and untreated samples. This study highlights the potential use of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> and ABS for renewable bio-composite production, underlining the critical role of HWE in enhancing the properties of lignocellulosic materials. The findings contribute to developing energy-efficient industrial processes aligning with circular economy objectives.