INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK AND REGULATORY PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC DEBT MANAGEMENT

Public debt management plays a vital role in Ukraine's financial policy, ensuring public finance stability and contributing to macroeconomic development. This article analyzes the institutional framework and regulatory principles of public debt management in Ukraine from both historical and contemporary perspectives. It focuses on key stages in the development of the public debt management system, from independence to the present day. The evolution of legal, institutional, financial, and technological factors that have influenced the formation of public debt policy during various periods, including the establishment of an independent state, economic crises, the COVID19 pandemic, and wartime in Ukraine, is highlighted. A statistical assessment of public debt under extraordinary challenges and threats is provided. The article explores adaptive strategies for managing debt risks, the digitalization of financial processes, and the role of international financial assistance in ensuring economic stability. It emphasizes the behavioral aspects of decision-making in debt management under conditions of limited rationality, uncertainty, and information asymmetry. Innovative theoretical and methodological approaches to improving the public debt management system in light of global transformations, exogenous challenges, and the needs of the national economy are proposed. The practical significance of the study lies in developing scientifically grounded recommendations for enhancing the institutional capacity of the state, increasing transparency in debt policy, and integrating modern financial instruments. The article concludes with the necessity of developing proactive strategies to address external environmental challenges, ensuring long-term financial stability and economic security for Ukraine.