HVDC Switching Station Technology Review: an Analysis for Offshore MPI Projects

Today, Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) systems with offshore components exist in operation. Additional MTDC schemes are also being designed, procured, and are planned to be commissioned in the next decade. DC Switching Stations are a necessary element of a functioning MTDC. This paper provides a review of the technology available and under development to realise offshore DC Switching Stations. It also provides a Risk Analysis for implementation in offshore projects with focus on Multi-Purpose Interconnectors (MPIs).