Numerical investigation of Maxwell Hybrid Nanofluid flow with polystyrene oil as base fluid

This study investigates the thermal enhancement of nanofluids, specifically graphene oxide (GO)/polystyrene and a hybrid nanofluid made of GO + silver (Ag)/polystyrene, over a stretched sheet in porous media under an applied magnetic field. The analysis considers thermal dissipation, convective boundary conditions, heat sources, and wall-to-wall mass transpiration. A non-Newtonain Maxwell fluid is considered. An activation energy impact is also considered for the stagnation point flow over the sheet. Using a Runge-Kutta technique in MATLAB, the shooting method is applied for the flow and heat transfer phenomena to examine the impact of varying key parameters. Results show that higher magnetic field and porosity resistances slow the fluid motion and increase the temperature. Additionally, silver content improves heat transfer efficiency when compared with graphene oxide. This work highlights hybrid nanofluids as effective heat-transport agents with potential industrial applications, especially under natural convection conditions, due to their enhanced thermal properties compared to standard fluids.