Design of Sub-6GHz and Sub-7GHz DRAGON Fractal Antenna for 5G Applications with Enhanced Bandwidth

This paper presents the design and development of a novel DRAGON fractal antenna optimized for 5G applications, specifically targeting the sub-6 GHz N77 (3.3-4.2GHz), N78 (3.3-3.8GHz), N79 (4.4-5 GHz), and sub-7 GHz N96 (5.9-7.1 GHz) frequency bands.The compact antenna, with dimensions of 50 45 1.6 mm, features a sixth-iteration DRAGON fractal radiator, which is an innovative approach to antenna design due to its recursive, selfsimilar geometry that enhances bandwidth and miniaturization.This design, combined with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed technique, ensures efficient impedance matching and reduces physical size without compromising performance.Fabricated on an FR-4 substrate with copper ground and radiating planes, the antenna was validated using both simulation and experimental datasets.The simulation results were obtained using FEKO software, while the experimental results were derived from S11 measurements using an HP 8719C network analyzer.The antenna achieves a wide operational bandwidth of 3.67-6.7GHz, a peak gain of 5.5 dBi, and demonstrates excellent agreement between simulated and measured results.These findings highlight the antenna's novel application of the DRAGON fractal structure, which distinguishes it from traditional antenna designs by offering compactness, wideband capabilities, and performance optimization, making it suitable for next-generation 5G communication systems.