Narrative review of the importance of design surface characteristics and innovation to novel structure implant

Osseointegration, a critical factor in implant success, has evolved significantly since its discovery.Among various surface modifications, hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings are a key innovation, improving implant stability and accelerating bone healing.HA-coated implants enhance osteoconduction by mimicking the natural bone mineral composition, increasing bone-to-implant contact, and facilitating early bone integration.This review explores the historical development of osseointegration, the role of HA coatings in optimizing implant performance, and the biomechanical advantages of novel types of implants with a wing structure.Traditional implantology emphasizes longer and wider implants for enhanced stability, but recent studies suggest that short implants (8 mm) with advanced surface treatments achieve comparable success rates while reducing surgical invasiveness.In addition, the implant incorporates a wing structure at the implant neck, effectively redistributing occlusal stress, minimizing marginal bone loss, and providing superior stability, particularly in high-load-bearing posterior restorations.Recent advances in plasma-sprayed HA coatings have further improved the adhesion strength, hydrophilicity, and long-term stability, reducing the risk of delamination or degradation.Although implant fractures occur primarily at the neck due to stress concentrations, finite element analysis showed that the wing structure effectively disperses forces, decreasing failure risk and enhancing mechanical performance.Hence, HA-coated implants, particularly those incorporating a wing design, offer improved clinical outcomes by enhancing osseointegration while minimizing the complications related to bone resorption and implant failure.The wing-type implant is a high-performance biomaterial that balances biomechanical stability, bone preservation, and long-term functionality, making it a viable option for implant rehabilitation in complex cases.(