Association of hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus with cognitive functions assessed using the event-related P300 potential in older individuals with controlled arterial hypertension

BACKGROUND: The number of individuals with dementia and cognitive impairment is steadily increasing worldwide. Identifying and controlling risk factors for cognitive decline is crucial for preserving cognitive function. AIM: To assess the association of hyperuricemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with cognitive functions, evaluated using parameters of the auditory event-related P300 potential in elderly individuals with controlled arterial hypertension (AH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cohort of individuals aged 60–74 years was examined. Four groups were formed: Group I (control), without cardiovascular diseases or diabetes, and with normal uric acid levels (n=42); Group II, with controlled AH (n=87); Group III, with controlled AH and T2DM (n=34); and Group IV, with controlled AH and hyperuricemia (n=17). The parameters of the auditory event-related P300 potential were assessed using an electroencephalograph (Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM, Russia). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences in P300 latency and amplitude were found in older individuals with controlled AH compared to the control group. In the group with T2DM and controlled AH, an increase in P300 latency and a decrease in amplitude were observed compared to the control group. In the group with hyperuricemia and controlled AH, a lower P300 amplitude was detected compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Older individuals with hyperuricemia and controlled AH exhibited a lower P300 amplitude, indicating reduced attentional resources. Those with controlled AH and T2DM showed increased P300 latency and decreased amplitude, reflecting slower information processing, prolonged decision-making time, and diminished attentional resources.