The Study of the Phraseological and Paremiological Corpus of the Spanish Language: Main Stages

The article is devoted to the study of the phraseological and paremiological heritage of the Spanish language in diachronic and synchronic aspects. The aim of the work is to analyze the evolution of scholarly views on phraseological units and paremias, as well as to identify the key stages of their study within the Spanish linguistic tradition: from the first collections of proverbs and sayings in the Middle Ages to systematic, properly scientific research in the 20th–21st centuries. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, phraseological units were collected and commented on within the framework of the humanistic tradition, which contributed to the formation of a national corpus of paremias. In the 19th century, a descriptive approach prevailed, while in the 20th century, phraseology and paremiology became the subject of scientific analysis, incorporating linguistic, cultural, and anthropological methods. The article employs methods of historical-linguistic analysis, comparative study of sources, and systematization of scholarly approaches. Particular attention is paid to the evolution of terminology in the field of phraseology and paremiology, as well as the role of stable units in reflecting the cultural and historical peculiarities of the Spanish language. The results of the research have interdisciplinary significance and can be applied in linguistics, lexicography, and the teaching of Spanish. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the history of phraseology and paremiology studies, encompassing both classical and modern approaches. It is emphasized that phraseological units, paremias, and the national-cultural component they contain represent an important source for studying the linguistic worldview. The research demonstrates that phraseological studies contribute to understanding cultural identity and linguistic consciousness, making them key elements in the process of preserving and transmitting cultural heritage. The findings can be used to develop educational materials, create dictionaries, and further research in the field of intercultural communication.