Application of Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Technique in Percutaneous Kyphoplasty

At present, the aging process of the population in China has been gradually accelerated, and the incidence of osteoporosis in patients with thoracolumbar fractures in China is also increasing year by year. With the increasing elderly, compression fractures caused by osteoporosis are one of the important factors of thoracolumbar fractures. Vertebral fractures are most common in the T12 vertebral body, L1 vertebral body, L2 vertebral body, etc. , and most patients have no obvious trauma or only mild trauma, such as sprains, bending down and other daily movements, which can easily lead to vertebral fractures. The treatment of vertebral fractures is divided into conservative or surgical treatment, which is generally performed according to the patient's condition (1). Although conservative treatment is relatively safe, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory clinical efficacy, limiting its clinical application. Surgical treatment has a significantly higher clinical outcome than conservative treatment, and has been widely used by surgeons for the treatment of vertebral compression fractures in the elderly (2). Surgical treatment mainly includes percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), and both methods have the characteristics of easy operation, less trauma, and fewer complications. After PVP/PKP in patients with osteoporotic compression fractures of the vertebrae at T12 and L1 levels, increasing bone mineral density (BMD) of the adjacent lumbar spine increased vertebral strength and decreased the incidence of adjacent vertebral fractures, and PKP was superior to PVP in increasing BMD of the adjacent lumbar spine (5). PKP is superior to PVP in terms of the amount of injected cement, short-term pain relief, improvement of short-term and long-term kyphotic angles, and reduction of cement leakage rate (6). In clinical practice, there are many types of patients with thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures caused by osteoporosis, with large individual differences, so it brings many problems for its diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment (7). Three-dimensional reconstruction technique is a new imaging technique developed in recent years. It combines CT, MRI, X-ray and other imaging techniques with computer image processing, so as to make the display of the internal structure of the vertebral body and the fracture line clearer and provide more intuitive image information for clinical surgery. This article reviews the application of three-dimensional reconstruction technique in PKP treatment before, after and data analysis.