Anti-osteoporotic influence of biscuits fortified with single and combined mixtures of sesame, peanut, and sprouted sunflower seeds on DEX-induced osteoporosis rats

The current study looked at the effects of fortified biscuits with Sesame seeds (S), Peanut seeds (P) and sprouted whole Sunflower seeds (SF) on Dexamethasone (DEX) -induced osteoporosis in female rats. The results reported that biscuits fortified with S, P and SF at levels 30% (S1, P1 and SF1biscuits) or 20% P+20% S (PS) or 20% P+20%S+ 10% SF (PSSF) carried out development crude protein, ash, crude fiber, energy, and crude fat contents compared with biscuits without fortification. It might be demonstrated significant increased (p≤0.05) at PSSF sample which recorded the highest values of Ca, P, K, Zn, Mn and Cu (42.78, 65.00, 296.78, 1.90, 0.61and 0.42mg/100g, respectively). Also, the highest value of Fe was observed in S1 sample (1.68mg/100g), the highest Mg value recorded in SF1sample (5.83 mg/100g). Sixty-four non-pregnant female albino rats were divided into two groups, the first main group: (8 rats) fed on basal diet, as a control negative (normal group), the second main group (56 rats) were injected intramuscularly with DEX at dose (7 mg/kg b.wt.) once weekly up to four weeks to cause osteoporosis then divided into 7 groups of eight rats each , as follows: group (2) fed on basal diet, as a positive control (DEX-osteoporosis group), group (3) fed on basal diet + control biscuits , Group (4) fed on basal diet + S1biscuits, group (5) fed on basal diet + P1biscuits, group (6) fed on basal diet + SF1biscuits, group (7) fed on basal diet +PS biscuits and group (8) fed on basal diet + PSSF biscuits. When compared to the positive control group, all osteoporosis groups treated with fortified biscuits had significant decreases in liver enzymes, kidney function, but increased bone mineral density, and bone mineral content assay. The best result for SF1 and PSSF groups compared with inducted group (control DEX-osteoporosis group). After two months, x-rays and histopathology of the positive control group revealed bone loss in various parts such as the fibula, tibia, and femur, as well as bone demineralization and osteoporosis. In comparison to the positive control group, these findings revealed that biscuits fortified with 20% Sesame seeds, 20%Peanut seeds and 10% sprout whole Sunflower seeds powder at levels used improved the nutritional and biochemical parameters of rats suffering from osteoporosis.