Investigation of HVDC controller interaction in meshed AC grid using impedance-based stability criterion

The ambitious goals of German green energy transition towards a low-carbon power system have resulted in the need for large-scale integration of renewable energy sources into the extra-high voltage grid (380 kV/220 kV). It lies in the responsibility of the Transmission System Operators (TSO) to coordinate the connection of new generation units with other grid expansion and cross-boarder interconnection projects and to perform system studies in order to ensure stability and efficiency of the entire system.