Modelling and validation of the Nordic transmission system based on open data

This work aims to create a model of the Nordic high voltage interconnected electricity system using publicly accessible data. The model includes 220, 300, and 400 kV AC lines, and the data is up to date until 2022. A proposed method allocates bidding zone level load and generation timeseries to the buses in the network. The resulting network consists of 441 buses, 553 lines, and 55 transformers. The model results are validated by comparing 16 cross-border flows from AC power flow modeling with physical flows reported by ENTSO-E. The error in flow is within 5% for 4 borders, around 9%-35% for 8 borders, and 45%-65% for 4 of the 16 borders. Suggestions for improvement include adjusting line impedances in Norway, dynamic line rating and modelling of reactive power compensation as switched shunts. The grid model created serves as an important starting point for the development of a publicly accessible power grid model for the Nordic system.