A deeper perspective on IBR-driven oscillations

Inverter-based resources (IBRs) are pivotal in modern power systems to meet the net-zero carbon targets. The rapid integration of IBRs such as solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, and battery storage has introduced complex dynamic behaviours that challenge conventional power system stability paradigms. Unlike traditional synchronous generators, which are governed by standardized, physics-based models, IBRs are control-defined and feature vendor-specific models that operate across multiple overlapping time scales. This results in unique dynamic interactions in IBR-dominated grids with multiple causalities, giving rise to oscillatory phenomena not previously encountered. This paper provides a review of IBR-driven oscillations, emphasizing on their classification and current research efforts in oscillation tracing and mitigation. Two classification framework based on time-scale separation and causality, are explored to categorize IBR-induced oscillations, highlighting the challenges in the categorization process. The critical role of data, tools and methods for tracing oscillations is discussed, and current mitigation measures are outlined in the context of IBR-dominated system. Additionally, some open research questions related to the evolving landscape of IBR-induced oscillatory phenomena are discussed.