Fair cost and needed power and energy of bess and PV for an unbalance control in LV grids

Dynamic unbalance in low-voltage grid can be controlled by battery energy storage systems (BESS). A calculation of the cost caused by unbalance is not that clear. Distribution System Operators (DSOs) have to cover grid losses, including unsymmetrical losses. Energy and power used for unbalance reduction is yet not requested from the DSO. Dynamic unbalance disturbances can occur violating the VUF limit of 2% according to standard EN 50160. Deteriorating life-cycle costs can be estimated, but the detailed costs for the influence of unbalance in the low-voltage grid are indeterminable. This study focusses on BESS owners with photovoltaic (PV). Using BESS with an unbalance control with their associated costs to find out a fair compensation. Challenges lie in calculating a fair price considering PV feed-in tariffs, costs for operating the BESS, pricing of the benefit of the dynamic unbalance control for the DSO, technical standards and grid codes. Simplified implementation of an unbalance control in BESS involves identifying the behaviour of multiple BESS and its power and energy possibilities in the grid calculated due to laboratory experiments and simulations. This paper provides a suggestion of a fair cost compensation with a factorized energy recharge from the DSO for a voltage unbalance factor control by BESS.