An overview of the damping behavior of a grid forming converter

The ongoing transition from conventional to renewable energy sources is leading to an increasing number of converters in the power grid, resulting in a grid that is becoming more converter-dominant. Traditional energy sources, driven by synchronous machines, inherently provide inertia and damping, which are gradually being lost as these machines are replaced by renewable energy sources like solar and wind turbines that rely on converters. This loss of inherent inertia and da mping has introduced various grid stability challenges. To address these issues, grid-forming converters can be equipped with virtual inertia and damping mechanisms. This paper focuses on the damping capabilities provided by grid-forming converters. As the passive damping traditionally offered by synchronous machines diminishes, there is a pressing need for additional damping solutions. In this study, a grid-forming converter integrated with a power system stabilizer (PSS) is employed to mitigate power system oscillations. The paper explores the impact of the PSS on power system stability in conjunction with the grid-forming converter, highlighting its effectiveness in damping oscillations in a power system.