Long-Term Stability Evaluation Method of Coastal Rocky Slope Considering Wave Loading

Under the influence of long-term external and internal dynamic conditions such as waves, tides, and earthquakes, coastal rock masses may slide along unfavorable structural planes, leading to landslide disasters. These events pose threats to offshore engineering facilities, coastal tourism, and economic production safety. To elucidate the impact of wave loading on the stability of coastal rocky slopes, this paper first establishes a generalized geological model and a computational mechanics model of coastal rocky slopes. Using computational fluid dynamics programs, the study analyzes the magnitude and distribution characteristics of wave pressure on coastal slopes with different inclinations under varying wave heights. The results indicate that the maximum wave pressure and resultant wave forces acting on the slope surface decrease with increasing slope angle and decreasing wave height. The relationship between the maximum wave pressure or resultant wave force with the wave height and slope angle conforms to an exponential mathematical model. By decomposing the wave force along the potential sliding surface, the variation in shear stress caused by wave pressure can be calculated. Considering the effects of wave, tide, and seismic loads, the study further analyzes the long-term weakening patterns of shear strength due to the variation in shear stress on the sliding surface induced by wave action. Based on the limit equilibrium theory and the constitutive model of strain-softening in rock and soil material, this paper proposes a method to calculate the current and long-term factor of safety (FOS) of coastal rocky slopes under wave loading.