Research Progress on Ruthenium-based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Water Electrolysis

Water electrolysis, as a green hydrogen production technology, involves both the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Researchers have been dedicated to developing high-activity, low-cost electrocatalytic materials for water electrolysis. Among these, ruthenium (Ru)-based OER materials stand out due to their exceptional catalytic activity, universality, and relatively low cost within the precious metal family, making them highly promising for future development. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in Ru-based catalytic materials, including ruthenium oxides, ruthenium nanoparticles, and ruthenium single atoms. Finally, the challenges faced by Ru-based catalysts in OER and the potential future developments are discussed.