Contribution of Cyto-Hematology and GOLDE score in the Diagnosis of Intra-Alveolar Hemorrhage in Light of a Case Report

Cyto-hematology plays a crucial role in diagnosing intra-alveolar hemorrhage (IAH), a rare and severe condition associated with significant mortality. While clinical diagnosis is based on the classic triad of hemoptysis, anemia, and diffuse alveolar opacities on imaging, this triad is present in only one-third of cases and may be incomplete. Thus, the diagnosis of IAH often requires bronchoscopic examination and cyto-hematological analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid using Perls’ staining and GOLDE score calculation, both of which are essential for confirming the diagnosis. We present a case of IAH in which the diagnosis was confirmed through BAL smear analysis stained with Perls' method and GOLDE score assessment. This approach enabled prompt therapeutic management, leading to significant clinical and biological improvement in the patient.