Development and Mechanical Evaluation of PETG-Chitosan Biodegradable Composites for Fused Filament Fabrication

This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG)-Chitosan composites using Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), aiming to enhance mechanical properties and biodegradability. PETG was selected for its excellent mechanical strength and ease of processing, while chitosan was incorporated for its biodegradability and antimicrobial properties. The composites were prepared by melt blending PETG with varying concentrations of chitosan (5%, 10%, and 15% by weight) and extruding them into filaments for 3D printing. Mechanical testing revealed that the addition of chitosan enhanced the tensile strength from 49 MPa (0% Chitosan) to 55 MPa (10% Chitosan) and increased the flexural modulus from 2000 MPa to 2200 MPa. However, a slight decline in mechanical properties was observed at 15% Chitosan due to filler agglomeration. Biodegradation tests demonstrated accelerated weight loss, with up to 25% in soil burial and 28% in enzymatic degradation for 15% Chitosan, highlighting improved environmental sustainability. The novelty of this study lies in developing biodegradable PETG-Chitosan composites with enhanced mechanical performance using FFF, bridging the gap between strength and eco-friendliness. Potential applications include biomedical devices, packaging, and consumer products, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional plastics. This research provides a pathway for advancing biocomposites tailored for specific industrial needs while supporting circular economic goals.