Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict the behavior of milk enhanced with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles when subjected to rapid heating in a movable electromagnetic channel

The implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) to predict and control the behavior of milk enhanced with silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles during electromagnetic heating enhances the precision and energy efficiency of pasteurization and sterilization processes. This approach ensures precise temperature management, reducing the risk of overheating and maintaining the milk’s nutritional and sensory integrity. The research examines milk flow dynamics (Ag-ZnO/milk) in a suddenly heated movable electromagnetic channel under sudden pressure variations. It incorporates significant physical phenomena such as radiant heat emission and Darcy drag forces, with Darcy’s model addressing drag within the porous medium. The dynamics of milk flow are thoroughly defined mathematically and physically, with solutions succinctly derived using the Laplace transform (LT) method. The findings, including analyses of shear stress (SS) and rate of heat transfer (RHT), are presented tabularly and graphically. The study indicates an annex in milk momentum with higher modified Hartmann numbers and an enfeeblement with wider electrode widths. Both hybrid nano-milk (HNM) and nano-milk (NM) exhibit thermal degradation, where rising Casson parameters amplify SS, whereas elevated radiation parameters lead to a reduction in RHT. Additionally, the AI-driven artificial neural network (ANN) model demonstrates remarkable predictive precision, achieving 95.175% accuracy during testing and 99.64% during cross-validation for SS predictions, while attaining a perfect 100% accuracy for RHT predictions across both testing and cross-validation phases. This model could lead to the development of advanced pasteurization equipment that utilizes electromagnetic technology for more consistent heating and better preservation of milk’s nutritional and sensory qualities.