Dynamic behavior of a magnetic system driven by an oscillatory external temperature

The dynamic effects on a magnetic system exposed to a time-oscillating external temperature are studied using Monte-Carlo simulations on the classical 2D Ising Model. The time dependence of temperature is defined as [Formula: see text]. Magnetization [Formula: see text] and period-averaged magnetization [Formula: see text] are analyzed to characterize out-of-equilibrium phenomena. Hysteresis-like loops in [Formula: see text] are observed as a function of [Formula: see text]. The area of the loops is well-defined outside the critical Ising temperature ([Formula: see text]) but takes more time to close it when the system crosses the critical curve. Results show a power-law dependence of [Formula: see text] (the averaged area of loops) on both L and [Formula: see text], with exponents [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Furthermore, the impact of shifting the initial temperature [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] is analyzed, suggesting the existence of a [Formula: see text]-dependent effective temperature [Formula: see text]. A scaling law behavior for [Formula: see text] is found on the base of this [Formula: see text]-dependent temperature.