Unveiling the clinical profiles and triggers of adverse cutaneous drug reactions at Jagakarsa general hospital

Background: Adverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDR) are common side effects of drug use. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of patients, clinical profiles and risk factors associated with ACDR in patients visiting the Emergency Department of RSUD Jagakarsa. Methods: This study is a retrospective study by analyzing medical records of patients who experienced ACDR from November 2023 to October 2024. Variables analyzed included demographic data, clinical profiles, causative drugs, onset time and risk factors. Results: There were 40 cases of ACDR with a higher prevalence in females. Patient age varied with a mean of 35.80±16.54 years. The most common clinical presentation was urticaria (42.5%), followed by angioedema (22.5%) and maculopapular rash (17.5%). The most common drugs causing ACDR were antibiotics (32.5%), NSAIDs (25%) and antihypertensives (12.5%). Most cases (70%) had an onset of less than 24 hours. Associated risk factors included a previous history of drug allergy and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Conclusions: Increased awareness of ACDR and preventive efforts are needed to reduce the incidence and impact of ACDR.