Autonomous Robots in Surgery: The Future of Precision Medicine

The integration of autonomous robotic systems into surgery represents a paradigm shift in precision medicine, offering the potential to enhance surgical accuracy, reduce complications, and minimize surgeon fatigue. This paper investigates the historical evolution of surgical robotics, current applications, challenges, and future directions. The discussion examines how autonomous robotic systems have transitioned from telesurgery to AI-assisted procedures in minimally invasive, orthopedic, and cardiovascular surgeries. Despite their promise, issues such as cost, reliability, ethical considerations, and cybersecurity concerns remain barriers to full automation. Future advancements in artificial intelligence, haptic feedback, and augmented reality are expected to drive further innovations, potentially reshaping surgical practice and patient care. Keywords: Autonomous surgical robots, robotic-assisted surgery, precision medicine, minimally invasive surgery, artificial intelligence in healthcare, robotic telesurgery.