Teaching geology at the secondary college in Morocco: difficulties and remedies

This research aims, on the one hand, to carefully examine the teaching and learning activities of Earth Sciences in secondary schools, analyzing the adopted approach and the reorganization of program units, which serve as both the structural foundation and a guiding framework for this educational cycle. On the other hand, it is conducted within the scope of improving educational resources and incorporating Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The objective is to propose solutions and recommendations for restructuring curricula, selecting relevant topics in existing programs, enhancing learning methods, increasing learner motivation, developing didactic materials, and fostering connections with the socio-professional environment. We identified, at the end of this study, this teaching raises the question of its current place into curriculum and schoolbooks in terms of educational resources. A question concerning the relevance of this teaching's attractiveness, focusing on the objectives of each step in the teaching-learning process, the assets to be capitalized on, and the dysfunctions to overcome, while proposing alternatives and possible measures to enhance the effectiveness of learning. As a result, it may affect the motivation and interest of students in this discipline as recommended by the 2015–2030-Strategic Vision (CSEFRS, 2015).