Synergistic impact of zinc, iron, and nitrogen on nutrient availability and soil health for sustainable mustard (Brassica juncea L.) cultivation

The rising incidence of chronic diseases, such as cancer, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disorders, is associated with micronutrient deficiencies. Significant shortages in iron, folate, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A lead to several health complications, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive preventive measures. Agronomic biofortification, especially by delivering micronutrients via foliar spraying, offers a viable method to improve crop nutritional value and alleviate malnutrition. This research investigated Brassica juncea L. (Indian mustard), an important oilseed crop in India, analyzing the impact of several fertilization treatments on soil and plant nutrient dynamics at Lovely Professional University during the winter season of 2022-2023. The field trial used a randomized block design with eight treatments, including control and combinations of urea, FeSO?, and ZnSO?. Soil tests indicated that foliar sprays enhanced nutrient availability, especially nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, iron, and zinc, improving soil health and crop nutrient absorption. The findings demonstrated that integrating urea with micronutrient sprays optimized plant nutrient concentration and absorption in Brassica juncea, enhancing crop performance. Maximum soil pH, EC, organic carbon, and nutrient availability (N, P, K, S, Fe, Zn) were observed with RDF combined with 1 % urea, 0.5 % ZnSO?·7H?O, and 0.5 % FeSO?·7H?O foliar sprays at 45 DAS. Nutrient uptake and biofortification efficiency indices were significantly enhanced under these treatments, promoting plant growth and productivity. The control group showed the lowest values across all parameters. The results highlight the promise of agronomic biofortification in mitigating micronutrient deficits and enhancing food security, especially in areas dependent on staple crops for sustenance. This study promotes incorporating micronutrient management measures in agricultural practices to improve sustainable development and public health outcomes.