FISIOPATOLOGIA DO DIABETES MELLITUS

This study addresses Diabetes Mellitus (DM), a chronic disease with a high global prevalence, characterized by glucose metabolism disorders due to insulin deficiency or resistance. The research reviewed the pathophysiology of diabetes, highlighting the importance of glucose in the body, insulin secretion mechanisms by the pancreas, and the different types of the disease, including Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes. Diagnostic methods such as fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance test, and glycated hemoglobin were analyzed, along with the main symptoms of the disease, such as polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia. Diabetes treatment involves lifestyle changes, oral hypoglycemic agents, insulin therapy, and innovative approaches, such as pancreatic islet cell transplantation and stem cell research. Diabetes complications, both acute and chronic, include diabetic ketoacidosis, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases, with strict glycemic control being essential to minimize their impact. Prevention and health education are crucial in reducing disease incidence through awareness of modifiable risk factors, early screening strategies, and the implementation of effective public policies. The analysis of results demonstrated the need for a multidisciplinary approach, integrating scientific advancements, access to innovative treatments, and educational support to ensure a better prognosis and quality of life for diabetic patients. Thus, it is concluded that the combination of preventive measures, effective therapeutic strategies, and continuous investment in research is essential for disease control and the reduction of its complications.