Effect of Electrochemical Synthesis Parameters on the Morphology, Crystal and Chemical Structure, and Sorption Efficiency of Basic Bismuth Nitrates

Bismuth basic nitrates (BBNs) were synthesized via an electrochemical method, i.e., by electrodeposition from an acidic solution of bismuth nitrate, followed by thermal treatment in an air environment. For the first time, the influence of various electrochemical parameters on the morphology, crystal structure, and chemical structure of BBNs was examined. The following synthesis parameters were investigated: electrodeposition current density, thermal treatment temperature of the obtained deposit, and working electrode material (cathode). The obtained materials were characterized by SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, TG, and N₂ adsorption/desorption methods and were applied for the sorption of the textile dye RB19. The results showed that the electrodeposition current density and thermal treatment temperature affect the surface morphology, chemical composition, and crystal structure of the obtained materials, as well as the RB19 sorption efficiency. On the other hand, the working electrode material does not affect the properties of the synthesized materials mentioned. Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic analysis of the sorption process were also examined.