Programming Aliphatic Polyester Degradation by Engineered Bacterial Spores

Enzymatic degradation of plastics is a sustainable approach to address the growing issue of plastic accumulation. Here, we demonstrate the degradation of aliphatic polyesters using enzyme-displaying bacterial spores and the fabrication of self-degradable spore-containing plastics. The degradation proceeds without nutrient-dependent spore germination into living cells. Engineered spores completely degrade aliphatic polyesters into small molecules, retain activity through multiple cycles, and regain full activity through germination and sporulation. We also found that the interplay between the glass transition temperature and melting temperature of polyester substrates affects heterogeneous biocatalytic degradation by engineered spores. Directly incorporating spores into polyesters results in robust materials that are completely degradable. Our study offers a straightforward and sustainable biocatalytic approach to plastic degradation.