SALIVA E SEU USO COMO MEIO DE DIAGNÓSTICO: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA.

Saliva plays essential roles in the oral cavity, such as protecting the oral mucosa, regulating pH, and assisting in the digestive process. It also has a crucial role in defending against diseases and in self-cleaning the mouth. Its production occurs in the salivary glands, and its balance is important for preventing diseases like cavities and infections. The quality and quantity of salivary flow, which vary depending on factors such as age, diseases, and treatments, are key to maintaining this balance. Saliva is also prominent in disease diagnosis, especially because it is a non-invasive method, easy to collect, and low-cost. Scientific advancements have improved the analysis of salivary components, increasing the sensitivity and specificity of tests. It is useful for diagnosing viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and even cancer through molecular markers found in the fluid. In forensic science, salivary DNA is used to identify suspects in criminal investigations, such as abuse and homicides. Additionally, saliva has significant oncological potential, as molecular markers found in it can indicate the presence of malignant neoplasms, such as breast cancer and head and neck cancer. Monitoring these markers is essential for tracking treatment progress. In conclusion, saliva plays a vital role in maintaining oral health and presents itself as a promising tool for the early diagnosis of various diseases. Continued research on its diagnostic use can improve its clinical applicability and enhance the prognosis of pathologies.