Independent measurement and dynamic observation of scalar and tensor coefficients in polarization holography

Polarization holography offers a distinctive advantage by enabling simultaneous control over light waves' amplitude, polarization, and phase. Within the tensor polarization holography theory framework, coefficients <i>A</i> and <i>B</i>, representing the scalar and tensor components of photoinduced changes in the dielectric tensor, respectively, play a pivotal role in manipulating the reconstruction wave. Accurate measurement and control of <i>A/B</i> are essential for achieving specific functionalities. In this Letter, we present a straightforward and effective method for measuring coefficients <i>A</i> and <i>B</i>, enabling independent observation of their variations while determining <i>A/B</i>. Unlike previous methods, this approach eliminates the influence of the interference angle, simplifies the experimental process, and accommodates the arbitrary polarization state of the recorded hologram. It provides a powerful means of precisely controlling <i>A/B</i> through exposure adjustment, facilitating the fabrication of advanced optical devices for diverse applications.