Exploring the commercial determinants of health in the online food delivery sector: a case study of Uber Eats in Australia

Large food and beverage corporations employ strategies to advance profits, often with adverse implications for public health. However, the practices of online food delivery companies have not been systematically examined from a public health perspective. This study aimed to explore the nature and extent of the corporate activities of Uber Eats Australia that may present a risk to public health. Using a theoretically guided qualitative design, we analysed Uber Eats’ strategies from 2016 to 2024 through a Commercial Determinants of Health framework. A total of 374 documents were identified through searches of academic and business databases, as well as Uber Eats’ social media and websites, and these were coded according and narratively synthesised. Uber Eats Australia commonly targeted food marketing toward families, often using celebrity endorsements and sponsoring major sporting events. It employs exclusivity agreements and accepts financial losses to expand market share, while promoting self-regulation by positioning itself as a partner of small businesses and the Australian economy. Gig-economy drivers, however, are frequently paid below minimum wage and experience poor working conditions. Additionally, the platform facilitates access to and promotion of unhealthy food options, contributing to poorer dietary health at a population level. Regulatory actions should be considered for the online food delivery sector to ensure public health is prioritised over corporate gain.