Neuropsychological consequences and sleep disorders in mild traumatic brain injury: pathomechanisms, diagnostic approaches and literature review

Background. During wartime, the incidence of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has significantly increased among both military personnel and civilians. These injuries are often accompanied by neuropsychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, emotional lability, and sleep disturbances. Purpose – this study aims to analyze the impact of mild mTBI on sleep, emotional, and behavioral functioning. To identify the pathophysiological mechanisms behind neuropsychological disorders and sleep disturbances, along with diagnostic approaches for their detection. Materials and Methods. The article presents a bibliographic systematic review of data from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science on the impact of mTBI on the development of emotional and behavioral disorders, as well as psychiatric conditions. Results. Key pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these disorders include changes in neurotransmitter regulation, dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, and structural damage to the hippocampus and amygdala. The relationship between sleepdisturbances, emotional state, and behavioral functioning has been characterized, highlighting their impact on decision-making, social adaptation, and patient’s quality of life. Conclusions. Further research should focus on developing effective screening methods for diagnosis in wartime conditions, allowing for prompt interventionand improving rehabilitation outcomes.