Biobased Protective Nonwovens Integrating Thermal Management, Antifouling, and Absorption-Dominated EMI Shielding via Melt Centrifugal Spinning

The industrialization of customizable biobased thermal management (BTM) fiber is essential for advancing wearable and flexible nonwoven materials; however, it encounters considerable challenges when utilizing conventional processing technologies. Herein, a melt centrifugal spinning technique incorporating cyclone and supergravity processes was developed for the mass production of BTM nonwovens. A large-area micro/nanosized nonwoven with a water vapor transmission rate of 34.2 g m–2 h–1 and a cell viability of 95.6 ± 0.3% was fabricated with the aid of the cyclonic field. The synergistic effects of supergravity and cyclonic actions during spinning effectively reduced the melt-spinning temperature of polylactic acid while enhancing molecular orientation. This improvement strengthened the interaction between polylactic acid/poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate and poly(ethylene glycol), allowing the biobased protective fiber to maintain excellent shape stability at 90 °C and achieve a high energy storage capacity of 68.2 J g–1. Interestingly, the superhydrophobic core–shell structure of the micro/nanosized nonwovens markedly improved thermal management performance, delivering a photothermal conversion efficiency of 94.6%, robust electromagnetic shielding with a reduction of 20.7 dB, and antifouling properties across a wide range of scenarios. This work addresses the challenges of scaling up the melt-spinning process for high-viscosity biobased fiber and offers a universal and effective strategy for the industrialization and multifunctional design of biobased nonwovens.