Water Supply and Demand Index of Henan Province Spatial and Temporal Correlation Analysis

Based on the data dataset of precipitation, surface water resources and underground water resources in the water resources bulletin of Henan Province from 1999 to 2022 by Henan Provincial Water Resources Department. Based on the spatial and temporal correlation rules, the distribution characteristics of water resources in urban agglomerations in Henan Province in time and space were analyzed using the weighted precipitation temperature homogenization index. The results show that the water resources supply and demand balance indexes are strongly correlated among cities in central, east, west, south and north Henan Province, and the spatial distribution of water demand has obvious geographical correlation and uneven distribution, with water resources in the central region mainly coming from the Yellow River and groundwater. The western region is relatively rich in water resources, mainly relying on local water bodies and groundwater. The southern region is close to the Yangtze River Basin and receives more precipitation, making water resources generally more abundant. The northern part of Henan Province is an important industrial base and the main grain-producing area, and one of the most water-scarce areas in Henan Province, with water resources forming the province's largest groundwater leakage area, and with the increase in population and the expansion of cities, the problem of water resources shortage in the northern part of Henan Province is becoming more and more serious. Water resources in the eastern part of the region mainly come from the Yellow River tributaries and groundwater, and water resources are generally stable, but tensions can still occur during peak water use periods.