Revealing the potential hypoglycaemic, hepatorenal and pancreatic protective effects of sugarcane bagasse extract in fructose/streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Sugarcane bagasse (SB) is a byproduct from sugarcane processing, and it constitute a huge amount of waste product which can amount to humongous environmental nuisance. Studies have shown that SB contains ample quantities of polysaccharides, fibers, flavonoids and phenolic acids which can be explored for their added values. This study aimed at investigating the antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic activities of sugarcane bagasse extract (SBE), as well as its hepatorenal and pancreatic protective effects in fructose/streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Following the induction of diabetes, the rats were divided into five groups as follows: groups 1 and 2 (normal and diabetic control rats, respectively, treated with normal saline), groups 3 and 4 received 250 and 500 mg/kg of SBE, respectively, and group 5 received 200 mg/kg of metformin. Assessment of diabetes was performed by evaluating metabolic parameters (body weight, food and water intake), blood glucose level, glucose tolerance, biochemical and oxidative stress parameters as well as histopathological analysis of the pancreas, kidney and liver tissues. The binding affinities of some of the compounds identified by LCMS were also assessed against antioxidant enzymes including SOD, CAT and GSH. SBE displayed tremendous potentials in managing diabetic symptoms by mitigating hyperglycemia, restoring body weight loss, glucose intolerance, biochemical, and histological changes in Fr/STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, SBE alleviated oxidative stress by increasing the hepatorenal and pancreatic activities of SOD, CAT and GSH, as well as reducing MDA level in Fr/STZ-induced diabetic rats. The results indicated that luteolin-8-C-rhamnosyl-7-O-rhamnoside showed higher number of groups interacting with residues of these markers, which might be responsible for the high binding affinities of the compound. Overall, these findings suggest that SB has therapeutic potentials against diabetes and diabetes induced multi-organ injury, thus expanding the potential benefits and possible valorization of SB for food and pharmaceutical applications. • SBE alleviates fructose and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. • SBE alleviated oxidative stress and upregulated hepatorenal and pancreatic antioxidant enzymes. • In silico study predicts binding affinity between identified compounds and antioxidant enzymes, supporting antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.