Synthesis of Hybrid ZnO Nanohexagons and Nanorods with CNT Embedded in PVC Film for Advanced Insulation and Optoelectronic Applications

This study focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid nanocomposite. ZnO nanostructures with two distinct morphologies (nanohexagons and nanorods) were synthesized and embedded within a PVC matrix alongside CNTs to achieve a functional hybrid composite. TEM analysis revealed the presence of both nanohexagon and nanorod ZnO structures alongside CNTs. SEM and EDX analyses confirmed the uniform distribution of ZnO nanostructures and CNTs within the PVC matrix. FTIR and UV–vis analyses revealed successful integration of CNTs and ZnO, exhibiting well-defined morphologies with a high aspect ratio. The optical properties are characterized by a reduction in the optical bandgap from 5.40 eV for PVC/ZnO to 4.60 eV for PVC/ZnO/5%CNT, indicating an increase in absorption in the visible spectrum. Furthermore, the AC conductivity demonstrates significant frequency dependence, with conductivity increasing with CNT concentration due to the formation of conductive pathways. The dielectric constant also shows enhanced values with increased CNT content, attributed to improved interfacial polarization. The simulation of electric field distribution reveals that the PVC/CNT/ZnO nanocomposite exhibits a more uniform electric field distribution than conventional PVC. This study concludes that the PVC/CNT/ZnO nanocomposite has potential applications in optoelectronics devices.