Latest Updates and Future Perspective on Hybrid Halide Perovskite CH₃NH₃PbI₃ in Humidity Sensing and Energy Conversion Applications

The hybrid halide perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 -based humidity sensors demonstrate significant progress in detection range, response time, and durability. These improvements are attributed to the ionic conductivity of the material, tunable bandgap, and defect engineering. Simultaneously, their progress in energy conversion devices, such as solar cells, has achieved remarkable efficiency gains, exceeding 25%. The key challenges for commercializing these devices are moisture-induced degradation, lead toxicity, and scalability. Therefore, future research should prioritize stabilizing the material through novel encapsulation strategies, exploring lead-free alternatives, and developing multifunctional devices that synergistically exploit humidity sensitivity and energy conversion capabilities.