Effect of Degree of Ethoxylation on the Surface and Thermal Properties of Polymeric Ionic Liquids for Oilfield Applications

Worldwide energy needs are growing, requiring new extraction techniques for crude oil from old reservoirs. However, conventional chemicals face difficulties when exposed to harsh reservoir environments such as solubility in high saline water and heat stability under harsh reservoir environments. This study investigates the potential of newly synthesized polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) as alternative options. A series of PILs was synthesized and characterized by using NMR and FTIR techniques. It was noticed that a PIL without ethoxy groups exhibits precipitation and therefore is not suitable for oilfield applications. However, the incorporation of ethoxy groups in the chemical structure of PILs leads to excellent solubility in low to high salinity brine. The solubility of the synthesized PILs in formation water, seawater, and deionized water, as well as their thermal stability using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), was assessed. In addition, the surface properties, including critical micelle concentration (cmc), surface tension (<i>γ_cmc</i>), surface excess concentration (<i>Γ_max</i>), minimal surface area per molecule (<i>A_min</i>), free adsorption energy (<i>ΔG</i>°<i>_ads</i>), and free micellization energy (<i>ΔG</i>°<i>_mic</i>), were also evaluated. The findings revealed that adding ethoxy groups in PILs led to a drop in <i>Γ_max</i> and an increase in <i>A_min</i>, suggesting reduced monolayer compactness at the air/water interface. The synthesized PILs demonstrated remarkable solubility, heat stability, and resistance to salt, rendering them well-suited for oilfield applications under challenging reservoir environments.