Sensory Disorders and Neuropsychological Functioning in Saudi Arabia: A Correlational and Regression Analysis Study Using the National Disability Survey

<b>Objectives</b>: This study investigates the prevalence, determinants, and educational implications of sensory disorders in Saudi Arabia. We hypothesize that sociodemographic factors (e.g., gender, marital status), genetic consanguinity, and regional disparities significantly influence sensory health outcomes, including vision, hearing, balance, and social participation, with consequences for learning environments and educational access. <b>Participants</b>: The primary data were analyzed data from 33,575 households across all administrative regions of Saudi Arabia. The sample includes Saudi nationals residing within the Kingdom and those temporarily abroad (e.g., for treatment, study, or tourism) who are considered household members. Households were selected via a stratified random sampling framework, drawing 25 households from each of 1300 statistical areas (out of 3600 total), ensuring nationwide representation aligned with the 2010 Population and Housing Census. <b>Study Method</b>: An observational analysis of secondary data from the nationally representative survey was conducted. Variables included vision, hearing, mobility, personal care, and communication disorders. Statistical methods encompassed chi-square tests for associations and Cramer's V effect sizes, with regional, gender, and consanguinity-based sub-analyses. <b>Findings</b>: Males exhibited higher mild vision impairments (1.6% vs. 1.0% females; <i>p</i> < 0.001), while females had greater severe hearing disorders (2.3% vs. 1.8%; <i>p</i> < 0.001). Consanguineous groups showed autosomal recessive patterns (e.g., 91,512 mobility issues in first-degree relatives; Cramer's V = 0.12). Regional disparities emerged, with rural Najran reporting elevated balance/motion deficits (3.1% vs. national 1.9%; <i>p</i> < 0.01). Never-married individuals faced extreme communication barriers (18.4% vs. 8.7% married; <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: Sensory disorders in Saudi Arabia are shaped by genetic, environmental, and sociocultural factors, with implications for educational access and inclusive learning environments. Gender-sensitive interventions, genetic counseling, and expanded sensory disability metrics are critical for equitable educational policies. Regional programs targeting trauma prevention, chronic disease management, and sensory-friendly accommodations in schools are recommended to address multisensory disorder burdens and enhance educational outcomes.