Cross-talk effects in trimmed isogeometric shells and the control point duplication approach

Finite element and isogeometric methods with non-boundary-conforming meshes, also known as immersed, embedding or trimming approaches, offer a fast and simple model generation process and thus became an attractive alternative to conventional boundary-fitted methods. One challenge inherent to these methods is the accurate modeling of discontinuities, such as small, narrow trimming features and cracks. Such discontinuities can split the support domain of a basis function into multiple disjoint regions, leading to a spurious mechanical coupling between physically separated material regions, which may compromise the predictive quality of the simulation model. Isogeometric Analysis (IGA), with its higher-order and higher-continuity spline bases possessing larger support domains, is even more prone to such spurious effects. This phenomenon is known as ”cross-talk”, and can be solved via adequate (local) mesh refinement, as shown by Coradello et al. [Computational Mechanics 66 (2020): 431-447]. However, the focus of our work is on explicit dynamics such as crash simulations. In such cases, mesh refinement is unfavorable because it halves the critical time step size for each level of h -refinement, and therefore substantially increases the computational cost. To this end, we propose an effective and efficient control point duplication (CPD) approach that mitigates the effects of cross-talk caused by narrow trimming features, while maintaining the feasible critical time step size in explicit dynamic analysis. CPD locally decouples the disjoint material regions by duplicating certain control points and modifying the connectivity of the affected elements. Furthermore, since cross-talk has only received limited attention in the literature, we also present a systematic study to elaborate on its characteristics and mechanisms. Following this, we provide a formal mathematical definition, a classification criterion, as well as a detection method for cross-talk in trimmed NURBS shells. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the CPD approach through four numerical examples with varying complexities. We also show that CPD is not limited to explicit dynamics and that apart from narrow trimming features, it can potentially also mitigate cross-talk caused by element erosion and sharp crack interfaces. • We conduct a comprehensive study on cross-talk in trimmed NURBS shells. • We present a formal definition and a detection algorithm for cross-talk. • We present the control point duplication (CPD) method to mitigate cross-talk. • We show that CPD does not reduce the stable explicit time step size in practice. • We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of CPD via four numerical examples.